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The impending decline in oil control urgent action

Illustration - Curve of world production of oil and gas liquids (propane mainly) as presented in 2004 by Colin Campbell, founder of ASPO (Association for Study of Peak Oil and Gas). One part is the production history and other predictions. These are based on an estimate of reserves and knowledge extraction technologies. It is observed that maximum world production is in 2008, according to Campbell.

The comfort we have in industrialized countries has become so "normal" we do not ask questions about what we can live like this. In fact they are largely fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) cheap us make life so easy, since they are the source of 80% of the energy we consume . Think of the electricity produced in the United States, which comes to 50% from coal, natural gas that heats many houses and operates a large number of power plants, oil supplies 97% of transport ...

But these fuels are finite resources are being depleted rapidly, and we act as if they would be eternal. In addition, India and especially China currently have accelerated growth rates of their economies, which, given their vast population, creates additional pressure on the very important natural resources. When one combines the total global consumption, it is obvious that for disaster, especially now that the global population of 6.7 billion people increasing by one billion every 12 years! Environmentalists say that if everyone on Earth would live like Americans, with the same technologies and practices, it would take 5 Earths to provide the necessary resources and eliminate waste and emissions!

The first fossil fuels will run out of oil . ASPO (Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas), founded in 2001, has hosted several international conferences to alert the public and policy makers from different backgrounds. This organization is made up largely of independent oil geologists and oil market analysts. The founder of ASPO, Colin Campbell , introduced in 2004 curve World production of oil and gas liquids (propane mainly) appearing at the beginning of this post. He places the maximum production in 2008, after which production would decline one-third by 2030 while demand is rising! It is not the only one to be convinced of the imminent oil decline. Several reports show since 2005.

The interplay of supply and demand should lead to a dramatic increase in the price of a barrel of oil in the coming years, and it would not be surprising that we have to pay even $ 3 or $ 4 liter of gasoline by 2015. Such prices will necessarily have a devastating impact on our economy so dependent on cheap oil.

To achieve this, we must know that the energy contained in one liter of oil equivalent to the energy provided by the work of a strong man for a month (160 hours). The oil can be replaced, through various machineries, muscle strength of a man for about $ 0.02 an hour (assuming an efficiency of 33% of the machines and a price of 1.10 $ / liter)! Furthermore, we know that with modern practices consume about 10 times more energy to produce and bring our food on our plates than the energy it contains, thanks mainly to oil. The oil is also found in a myriad of consumer products made of plastic or synthetic rubber, in many pharmaceuticals, pesticides, asphalt in our roads ...

But the main use of the Black Gold is understood as a transportation fuel, which depends to 97% oil. The electric drive motor vehicle becomes a very urgent necessity.

And since a picture is worth a thousand words and even a movie, I strongly recommend you watch the excellent documentary "A Crude Awakening", which you have the French version of "Oil - Cruel will be the awakening" in the following videos.

OIL Cruel will wake up 1 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - The News International video.

OIL Cruel will wake up 2 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - Watch the latest videos of news.

OIL Cruel will wake up 3 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - Current time on video.

OIL Cruel will wake up 4 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - The Info Live Video.

OIL Cruel will wake up 5 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - Current time on video.

Vagına Pıctures

The Ocean Dream Quarantine Margarita

Since Sunday, June 14 health authorities in the island of Margarita have quarantined
Ocean Dream chartered by the English company Pullmantur.

This measure was announced for a period of 10 days after three members of staff have tested positive for influenza A/H1N1. But last night

Venezuelans were 376 passengers disembarked for tests and staying in hotels on the island.
In total 1219 passengers who are affected and 460 menbres crew.
No declarations of the authorities on the subject and the consequences of the case.

Discnecting Of Telephone Request Letter

CO2 emissions electric cars

Often, when talking about electric powered vehicles, one wonders if transferring emissions from conventional cars to emissions from power plants will actually improve things on greenhouse gas emissions.

To answer this question, we must first consider the CO2 emissions from different networks, expressed in grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced. These values can be obtained from the statistics departments or departments of energy or the environment in different countries or states, or through the state utilities (EDF in France and Quebec Hydro-Quebec).

However, emissions of greenhouse gas emissions data by these agencies or corporations are often those resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants themselves. Missing emissions from oil and gas mining, to get the various underground fuels, including uranium for nuclear power plants. These figures do not include either the transformation of raw materials and transportation, or construction of power plants. It also lacks the emissions that result from the decomposition of submerged trees in reservoirs of hydroelectric dams. To account for these aspects, we must conduct a study of the life cycle of a kilowatt hour of electricity, grounding plug. Various studies tell us, basically, to add 15% of emissions for oil and coal and 25% for natural gas. In terms of power nuclear, there are usually 15 gCO2/kWh, and we must add 18 gCO2/kWh for hydroelectric dams. In doing so, we get to California, the United States, France, Canada and Quebec emission intensities in the following table.


now a midsize car to electric drive, built in 2009 with the best technology available commercially, consumes about 17 km from kWh/100 electricity stored in its battery. Moreover, with wheel motors, relief of the car and improved aerodynamics, consumption should be reduced kWh/100 to 12 km of electricity stored in the battery, say around 2020. But to assess the CO2 emissions, we assume a consumption of 15 kWh/100 km from the electricity stored in the battery. We add 6% for the losses of the outlet (AC) electricity stored in the battery (DC), bringing to 16 the actual consumption kWh/100 km, central to the wheels. For CO2 emissions of the electric car, simply multiply this by the actual consumption of network programming in the previous table.

The results are presented on the graph at the beginning of this post. There is also CO2 emissions from petrol cars for comparison purposes. The midsize car gas of 1500 kg (thick blue line) is equivalent to the electric car through which we made the calculations show.

For CO2 emissions of conventional cars, we assume that gasoline is burnt, which releases 2.36 kg of CO2 per liter. It takes account of CO2 released from oil wells in tank car, adding 15%, which corresponds to the assessments of various studies on the subject.

It is interesting to note that United States, with a fleet of power plants that burn fossil fuels to produce electricity 70% (50% coal and 20% of natural gas plants) , CO2 emissions of an electric car is still better than a car consumes 5 litres/100km like a Prius. In France and Quebec, including electric cars emit far less greenhouse gas than a Prius, as can be seen.

Quebec is in fact a privileged place quadrupling to establish electric mobility America, due to

- the substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions that result,

- with plenty of power found there and its renewable nature ,

- its low cost ($ 0.07/kWh),

- and significant savings on oil imports (100% of import)

To better see the difference between various types power plants, the following chart shows the CO2 emissions of an electric car through which the battery is recharged with electricity from various types of plants.

The calculation method is identical to the previous graph, except the intensity of emissions that are no longer those networks together, in different places, but the emission intensity GHG various types of plants, land to the outlet. The following table summarizes the results obtained using the computer lifecycle GHGenius developed by Natural Resources Canada (www.ghgenius.ca).



So as you can see, CO2 emissions electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid electric mode are still considerably lower than those of conventional vehicles using petroleum fuels. The last graph also shows the importance of using renewable energy to reduce our emissions drastically .

Russian To English Patch

Iberia informs travelers at Clementine

The governments of some countries require airlines to gather specific information on passengers before their flight (API Advance Passenger Information).
Currently, the new EU regulations, also requires to provide in advance information concerning identification of persons traveling to Spain from countries outside the Schengen area * and people who return to their country.
To avoid problems and delays, we recommend that you provide your IAP (Advance Passenger Information) before you get to the airport.
It is also important that information is correct so that you are delayed during your passage through the immigration counters when you arrive in these countries.
More information about the requirements of the following countries: USA, Spain, Mexico, Japan, Cuba.

English law requires the following information for all passengers traveling to Spain from countries outside the Schengen area * and all the passengers return to their country.
All details of the passport, including: o

o Passport Issuing country of passport validity date
o Passport o
Name (as it appears on passport)
o Name o
Sex
o Birthday o

Nationality * Countries belonging to the Schengen countries: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Iceland , Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland