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Preview Mail December 2009, "1000 FRIENDS of kinnor"

The kinnor has struggled throughout the year with ..., with administrative decisions that penalize us in the Project Home of the Disabled, namely that the Castle is located in an area called "flood", thus the Administration rejects the "building permits" even if the existing site in!
You should also know that the law of accessibility, requires all ERP (institutions that receive public) to come into compliance by 2015. Now we rely heavily on the development of the Hermitage to offset what the Castle legally can never be as defined in the Act 2015, that is to say "available"!
You see, it's easy!

Therese-Marie and Jean-Claude.

Departure Times Atpier Head Liverpool

New web site address kinnor

www.lekinnor.fr

New web site address kinnor with automatic redirection to the old address http://monsite.orange.fr/le.kinnor which remains valid as well as the websites of "1000 FRIENDS of kinnor" and the Castle of kinnor.

DON Form PDF download / print by clicking on the "Donation Form" in the left column ( any donation qualifies for a tax deduction of 66% of the donation ).

Peter A.

Name Kates Playground

Change blog hosting Blog Archive

Following the arrest Service Blogs Orange. com, the blog address changes:
http://lekinnor.blogspot.com at Google.

Please you can always add the blog by adding your own comments (click on "COMMENTS X"). Thank you

Peter A.

Very Nice Wedding Decorations

The orange kinnor 14

Left click on these 2 pictures to enlarge

De Thierry: the 1/29/2008
This project has already met the interest of many organizations ( department, region, institutions for people with disabilities) and people willing to help the project through donations. But we're going to appeal to all our friends and the "1000 Friends of kinnor" to publicize this project and assist in the search for public and private funds. Speak you with the association now, using all be useful!

From Guest: The 26/2/2008
You have in your entourage elderly or mobility difficulties see institutions that are involved in this project will review their progress. Them did you share? Thank you for spreading information. You think their opinion matters to us. From

Le_KINNOR_14: 04/04/08
to rehabilitate buildings: those of the old school group of Aerium FERVAQUES of [former colony of the Regional Health Social Security of Normandy for boys from 4 to 12 and girls 4 to 14 years in recovery, primary infection and impaired general (sic)].

Of Jean-Claude: the 4/13/2008
The writing phase of the project is about to be proposed to the granting authority. Several individuals have expressed interest in the project by encouraging a donation. We hope they will be monitored.

De Teresa Marie: 25/07/08
The holidays are here. The elderly in nursing homes are looking for suitable places to stay in the country and break their daily environment. The Project Area and Chapel of "Florence" totally responds to this desire. Say around you. Feel free to disclose, disseminate information. It concerns many disabled people: young and old. But it also concerns people who are not necessarily in structurescomme families, single people .... Experience something different, see something else, share, meeting ... possible. Marie-Therese

Le_KINNOR_14 From: the 3/12/2008
With the aid proposed by the Region, The kinnor was able to "tie up" its dossier HERMITAGE of FLORENCE and Space-Pierre Teilhard de Chardin for accommodating people with mobility disabilities or aging and sent to granting powers .. . It's waiting! Jean-Claude

Le_KINNOR_14 From: the 3/12/2008
Many of the "1000 FRIENDS of kinnor" held to a specific gift to the hermitage of FLORENCE and Space-Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. Donations for the maintenance of buildings like the Project Home of elderly people with mobility disabilities or are much needed. One other gift and contribute to ALL, that is to say EVERYONE, can find its place with The kinnor. We carry a liability. I repeat after S core EMMANUELLE: single drop of water has the merit of being paid and you've paid. THANKS to "turn your love organization" said Ingrid Betancourt, whose father was among the "1000 FRIENDS of kinnor" Jean-Claude

From Guest: on 06/05/09
hello j ai j ai 42 years is Castle is well known as jy went to state young age of 7 al is jy is also 10 years I stayed several APRIS remembers having to swim his heart to me do not care to see him do you have another picture or record year c the I appreciate you very m thank you has soon inform

Le_KINNOR_14 From: on 10/05/09
Hello. The open-air sanatorium for FERVAQUES (Old Colony Health Social Security) and the Castle is currently owned by The Association kinnor. Does not possess the records and other files, you should login to the site: "pals davant of the Internet"
NB: The pool should be demolished and ruin the classrooms of Aerium rehabilitated housing for Disabled (Hermitage Florence). Peter A.

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DRAFT Welcome Centre for Persons with reduced mobility - HERMITAGE FLORENCE

The kinnor http:// lekinnor.fr

kinnor The Association of Integration and Integration of Disabled and non disabled, Culture - Holidays - Entertainment for ALL, will set up a reception center for people with reduced mobility on his site vacation at Chateau Le kinnor FERVAQUES

Since 1970, The Association kinnor integrates people with disabilities mental and persons without disabilities in cultural activities (Conservatory of Music and Expression During "Read. Write. Count", choral group ...), and management through its Centre for Leisure and Culture Holidays FERVAQUES located near Lisieux (stays appropriate for people with mental disability, family stays ...) .

Project HERMITAGE FLORENCE *

Welcome Centre for People with reduced mobility,

SPACE and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin:

* in memory of FLORENCE , a niece of Marie-Therese and Jean-Claude Lhotel

myopathy who left only 5 years of life

Today kinnor wants to rehabilitate the existing buildings on the site of the Holiday Centre to provide for FERVAQUES People with reduced mobility opportunities for short stays in a suitable structure and numerous recreational opportunities through:
- Hermitage, accommodation on one floor with 18 rooms (1 or 2 beds) can accommodate people moblilité to reduced and their escorts,
- SPACE, a large multipurpose room for meetings and activities games, sports (disabled sports), concerts or exhibitions,
- it is considered a pool accessible to persons with disabilities.

The main objective of being kinnor Integration, Space as the pool will be equally usable and useful to residents as to Residents of Château de l'Ermitage. STRUCTURE ADAPTED
This will not be medicalized. It may be used for special trips organized by The kinnor, your transfer institution, for weekends, pilgrimages, sessions, to holidays that you want to organize trips to individual family and temporary ... The

People with physical disability, or aging, or recovering, or dependent and must be accompanied, will find a property with flat terrain, a peaceful site, with possibilities of animation (a walk in the park, mini golf stripe narrow opening on the village of FERVAQUES with a physician, pharmacist, small businesses and 12 kms to the hospital LISIEUX).

kinnor The steward, food, hospitality stays that your wish, but it will not provide coaching assistance to persons for transfers, visits family or individual (except by prior arrangement).

PLEASE let us know with organizations, families and institutions.

Also for the Committee of reflection and implementation of the project, led by Thierry ANGLES AURIAC to better anticipate your needs and appreciate your interest in the Project HERMITAGE * FLORENCE, contact us:

The kinnor 48, rue Davy 75017 PARIS or Castle kinnor 14140 FERVAQUES

Enamel: tmlhotel@orange.fr

Angela Myammee Pitts Nue

Division by zero and schizophrenia Ivano Ghirardini

When I discovered that division by zero, I was one of the best students of the Lycée Jean Perrin Marseilles, and I intended to do ENSET to be a teacher of mechanics.

Except that this discovery of what I call NO LIFE Mathematics in which division by zero is an element that has been possible as a result of schizophrenia that has become evident in me to seventeen. I was facing a big problem, my brain logged out of normal things and going to things that seemed simple and obvious, except that when trying to talk, I ran a wall, no one understood what I said. And so I preferred not to say anything and keep it to myself.

But SCZ has only increased from that time, and I did not know that I was schizophrenic. I could not follow the course of Normopathy . It was almost scary to have swung too easily and irreversibly into another world mind.

Colonel Army psychiatrist I will reform soon P4 but it will not tell me the truth, simply mark "social misfit", which does not mean much. At this moment he should have informed me completely, explain the risks of aggravation if I did nothing, the need for medical monitoring, etc. ...

It took me over fifty, that my case has become CSZ unbearable that I finally fell on good doctors and an excellent psychiatrist to finally begin to tackle this serious problem schizophrenia.

It is never too late to start.

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The impending decline in oil control urgent action

Illustration - Curve of world production of oil and gas liquids (propane mainly) as presented in 2004 by Colin Campbell, founder of ASPO (Association for Study of Peak Oil and Gas). One part is the production history and other predictions. These are based on an estimate of reserves and knowledge extraction technologies. It is observed that maximum world production is in 2008, according to Campbell.

The comfort we have in industrialized countries has become so "normal" we do not ask questions about what we can live like this. In fact they are largely fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) cheap us make life so easy, since they are the source of 80% of the energy we consume . Think of the electricity produced in the United States, which comes to 50% from coal, natural gas that heats many houses and operates a large number of power plants, oil supplies 97% of transport ...

But these fuels are finite resources are being depleted rapidly, and we act as if they would be eternal. In addition, India and especially China currently have accelerated growth rates of their economies, which, given their vast population, creates additional pressure on the very important natural resources. When one combines the total global consumption, it is obvious that for disaster, especially now that the global population of 6.7 billion people increasing by one billion every 12 years! Environmentalists say that if everyone on Earth would live like Americans, with the same technologies and practices, it would take 5 Earths to provide the necessary resources and eliminate waste and emissions!

The first fossil fuels will run out of oil . ASPO (Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas), founded in 2001, has hosted several international conferences to alert the public and policy makers from different backgrounds. This organization is made up largely of independent oil geologists and oil market analysts. The founder of ASPO, Colin Campbell , introduced in 2004 curve World production of oil and gas liquids (propane mainly) appearing at the beginning of this post. He places the maximum production in 2008, after which production would decline one-third by 2030 while demand is rising! It is not the only one to be convinced of the imminent oil decline. Several reports show since 2005.

The interplay of supply and demand should lead to a dramatic increase in the price of a barrel of oil in the coming years, and it would not be surprising that we have to pay even $ 3 or $ 4 liter of gasoline by 2015. Such prices will necessarily have a devastating impact on our economy so dependent on cheap oil.

To achieve this, we must know that the energy contained in one liter of oil equivalent to the energy provided by the work of a strong man for a month (160 hours). The oil can be replaced, through various machineries, muscle strength of a man for about $ 0.02 an hour (assuming an efficiency of 33% of the machines and a price of 1.10 $ / liter)! Furthermore, we know that with modern practices consume about 10 times more energy to produce and bring our food on our plates than the energy it contains, thanks mainly to oil. The oil is also found in a myriad of consumer products made of plastic or synthetic rubber, in many pharmaceuticals, pesticides, asphalt in our roads ...

But the main use of the Black Gold is understood as a transportation fuel, which depends to 97% oil. The electric drive motor vehicle becomes a very urgent necessity.

And since a picture is worth a thousand words and even a movie, I strongly recommend you watch the excellent documentary "A Crude Awakening", which you have the French version of "Oil - Cruel will be the awakening" in the following videos.

OIL Cruel will wake up 1 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - The News International video.

OIL Cruel will wake up 2 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - Watch the latest videos of news.

OIL Cruel will wake up 3 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - Current time on video.

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sent raphnet1 . - The Info Live Video.

OIL Cruel will wake up 5 / 5
sent raphnet1 . - Current time on video.

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The Ocean Dream Quarantine Margarita

Since Sunday, June 14 health authorities in the island of Margarita have quarantined
Ocean Dream chartered by the English company Pullmantur.

This measure was announced for a period of 10 days after three members of staff have tested positive for influenza A/H1N1. But last night

Venezuelans were 376 passengers disembarked for tests and staying in hotels on the island.
In total 1219 passengers who are affected and 460 menbres crew.
No declarations of the authorities on the subject and the consequences of the case.

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CO2 emissions electric cars

Often, when talking about electric powered vehicles, one wonders if transferring emissions from conventional cars to emissions from power plants will actually improve things on greenhouse gas emissions.

To answer this question, we must first consider the CO2 emissions from different networks, expressed in grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced. These values can be obtained from the statistics departments or departments of energy or the environment in different countries or states, or through the state utilities (EDF in France and Quebec Hydro-Quebec).

However, emissions of greenhouse gas emissions data by these agencies or corporations are often those resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants themselves. Missing emissions from oil and gas mining, to get the various underground fuels, including uranium for nuclear power plants. These figures do not include either the transformation of raw materials and transportation, or construction of power plants. It also lacks the emissions that result from the decomposition of submerged trees in reservoirs of hydroelectric dams. To account for these aspects, we must conduct a study of the life cycle of a kilowatt hour of electricity, grounding plug. Various studies tell us, basically, to add 15% of emissions for oil and coal and 25% for natural gas. In terms of power nuclear, there are usually 15 gCO2/kWh, and we must add 18 gCO2/kWh for hydroelectric dams. In doing so, we get to California, the United States, France, Canada and Quebec emission intensities in the following table.


now a midsize car to electric drive, built in 2009 with the best technology available commercially, consumes about 17 km from kWh/100 electricity stored in its battery. Moreover, with wheel motors, relief of the car and improved aerodynamics, consumption should be reduced kWh/100 to 12 km of electricity stored in the battery, say around 2020. But to assess the CO2 emissions, we assume a consumption of 15 kWh/100 km from the electricity stored in the battery. We add 6% for the losses of the outlet (AC) electricity stored in the battery (DC), bringing to 16 the actual consumption kWh/100 km, central to the wheels. For CO2 emissions of the electric car, simply multiply this by the actual consumption of network programming in the previous table.

The results are presented on the graph at the beginning of this post. There is also CO2 emissions from petrol cars for comparison purposes. The midsize car gas of 1500 kg (thick blue line) is equivalent to the electric car through which we made the calculations show.

For CO2 emissions of conventional cars, we assume that gasoline is burnt, which releases 2.36 kg of CO2 per liter. It takes account of CO2 released from oil wells in tank car, adding 15%, which corresponds to the assessments of various studies on the subject.

It is interesting to note that United States, with a fleet of power plants that burn fossil fuels to produce electricity 70% (50% coal and 20% of natural gas plants) , CO2 emissions of an electric car is still better than a car consumes 5 litres/100km like a Prius. In France and Quebec, including electric cars emit far less greenhouse gas than a Prius, as can be seen.

Quebec is in fact a privileged place quadrupling to establish electric mobility America, due to

- the substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions that result,

- with plenty of power found there and its renewable nature ,

- its low cost ($ 0.07/kWh),

- and significant savings on oil imports (100% of import)

To better see the difference between various types power plants, the following chart shows the CO2 emissions of an electric car through which the battery is recharged with electricity from various types of plants.

The calculation method is identical to the previous graph, except the intensity of emissions that are no longer those networks together, in different places, but the emission intensity GHG various types of plants, land to the outlet. The following table summarizes the results obtained using the computer lifecycle GHGenius developed by Natural Resources Canada (www.ghgenius.ca).



So as you can see, CO2 emissions electric vehicles or plug-in hybrid electric mode are still considerably lower than those of conventional vehicles using petroleum fuels. The last graph also shows the importance of using renewable energy to reduce our emissions drastically .

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Iberia informs travelers at Clementine

The governments of some countries require airlines to gather specific information on passengers before their flight (API Advance Passenger Information).
Currently, the new EU regulations, also requires to provide in advance information concerning identification of persons traveling to Spain from countries outside the Schengen area * and people who return to their country.
To avoid problems and delays, we recommend that you provide your IAP (Advance Passenger Information) before you get to the airport.
It is also important that information is correct so that you are delayed during your passage through the immigration counters when you arrive in these countries.
More information about the requirements of the following countries: USA, Spain, Mexico, Japan, Cuba.

English law requires the following information for all passengers traveling to Spain from countries outside the Schengen area * and all the passengers return to their country.
All details of the passport, including: o

o Passport Issuing country of passport validity date
o Passport o
Name (as it appears on passport)
o Name o
Sex
o Birthday o

Nationality * Countries belonging to the Schengen countries: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Slovakia, Slovenia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Iceland , Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland

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VENEZUELA

Clementine's how this blog on his VENEZUELA:

I was charmed by Venezuela since my first visit 1990. I wanted to create this site to share little tricks I learned during my vacation (sometimes at my expense!) And I often wanted to know before! The site is almost exclusively built from my experiences or those of my loved ones: what we preferred, what we would have preferred to avoid ...

I like lots and lots of information and experiences.
Suerte Clementine
Hasta luego
Lawrence

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Venezuela an article in Le Figaro

Here is an article published on the website of Figaro
Title:
Venezuela, a rocky road for French companies
Renault, Alstom and Total, implemented in very the country, accumulate litigation.
France has too long ignored Latin America, recently recognized by President Sarkozy. In fact, it was eight years a Minister of Foreign Trade had not come to Caracas. On a mission to Venezuela to defend French excellence, Anne-Marie Idrac surprised at the paradox: the third foreign investor (1.7 billion), France has just 2% market share in trade (625 million dollars in 2008). The French are far behind the United States, Venezuela's largest trading partner despite the recurrent anti-imperialist discourse initiated by President Hugo Chavez. At European level, they are overtaken by Italy and Germany. During his ministerial exchanges, Idrac set the table more "contentious": Repatriation of foreign exchange for Renault, arrears payment to Alstom for the construction of the subway and the payment of compensation to Lafarge.
Three examples alone that summarize the main obstacles in Venezuela. Total Venezuela boss George Bures - 90% of French investments - speaks of "instability and unpredictability of the regime: there is never safe from a new law or tax more» . The 2007 decision to nationalize several strategic sectors like oil has led to bitter negotiations: "We got a deal because we have agreed to be repaid in oil," he says. But above the oil tanker is in a strong position. The brink of financial strangulation, the national oil PDVSA suffers from a lack of investment (production fell by one million barrels per day for ten years) and a shortage of qualified staff. "For twenty years we are present, we have demonstrated expertise and invest in the long term," says George Bures. And for good reason: Total will not let go this could oil El Dorado surpass Saudi Arabia in terms of reserves.
Lafarge has the same impact. Within the scope of nationalization adopted in June 2008, the cement is still waiting-payment of $ 300 million in compensation negotiated. Renault, meanwhile, is fighting for several months to obtain an import license. "The only way to escape the quota is to invest", explains project manager, Patrick Blain. In 2010, the manufacturer will have its assembly plant in Valencia. Growing insecurity

Another puzzle business, the currency market. CADIVI body government has a stranglehold on everything, the payment of imports as the repatriation of dividends. Hundreds of millions are stranded in the country as well. "It takes months to import at the official rate," says Jean-Louis Bourgier, International Director of Casino, French second largest investor with 300 million. "Today, more than half of our imports are purchased on the open market, thus generating more inflation. "Meddlesome bureaucracy, rampant corruption, runaway inflation ... Business leaders also complain of growing insecurity. Just the weekend Last, the capital has seen 50 homicides. To cope, companies are acquiring more and more armored cars. But then, why stay? "We earn money, recognizes the responsibility of Casino. It is a very dynamic consumer market (28 million), the American way. "The trip
Secretary of State for Foreign Trade will be allowed to settle some disputes: Alstom still has a chance to win the contract to renovate the subway in Caracas - 1.3 billion euros of investment - even though that it seemed to the Spaniards acquired. Diosdado Cabello, Minister Public Works and confidant of Chavez, "stressed the necessity of technology transfer and he clearly said he was not satisfied with the English proposal, welcomed Anne-Marie Idrac.
From our special correspondent in Caracas, Anne Cheyvialle

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pumped hydroelectric power plants for urban green electricity production

Illustration - Principle of the hydroelectric pumped underground urban proposed by Pierre Couture. It can store power and regulate changes in renewable energy, among others, and is an essential component of the electricity networks of tomorrow. (Illustration: Paul Berryman, from my book Driving without oil )

March 5, 2009, Steven Chu, the Secretary of State for Energy of the United States, outlined before a Senate committee priorities his government's research and development. Among the five sectors identified were energy storage in large scale . Storage units of appropriate size would compensate for daily variations in energy Solar and wind power, and increase the efficiency of thermal power plants. Energy storage is an essential component for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and emissions related to electricity production.

The most currently used for large-scale storage of energy is hydroelectric pumped . In its traditional version, there are two water tanks located one above the other, linked together by an underground tunnel where a turbine that can operate in both directions. During periods of low electricity demand (eg at night) the electric motor-generator coupled to the turbine pump water from lower reservoir to the upper reservoir. In periods of high demand, we let the water run from the upper reservoir to the lower reservoir, causing the turbine and generates electricity. We call these plants also pumped storage plants. In a well designed plant, the return of water between two reservoirs causes a loss of about 20% of the stored energy.

But to regulate the daily fluctuations of wind power and solar power or to control the variations in demand throughout the day, there is no need to store more than 25% of energy . Regulation leads to a loss of only 5% of the total energy produced.

Illustration - Principle of traditional hydroelectric pumped. (Source: Swiss company GMF)

There are currently about 200 hydroelectric pumped on the planet, accounting for 90 GW of power, about 3% of installed capacity worldwide, according to ESA (Electricity Storage Association ).

The requirement to have a significant drop between the two water tanks had been told that several energy storage for pumped storage is a technology that could operate on a large scale everywhere. Witness the following statement

"Expanded use of this technology Depends on the availability of Suitable geography"

"A large-scale use of this technology depends on the availability an appropriate geography "

found in the document" National Energy Policy Recommendations of the IEEE-USA (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), dated January 15, 2009 (download HERE under Energy and Environment category).

But it seems that this statement represents a lack of imagination, because it may very well build hydroelectric pumped in the midst of vast plains or in the heart of a city. Just dig a deep well in rock and constructing galleries at the bottom to get the second tank.

is the concept that was proposed by Pierre Couture, a researcher for Hydro-Quebec and inventor of the modern motor-wheel (note from February 11, 2009). Louis-Gilles Francoeur, a journalist with Le Devoir unveiled the project in an article dated January 22, 2004 .

To avoid too large excavation for the tunnels, it is advantageous to place them in greater depth. Pierre Couture recommended digging a pit about 2 meters in diameter and three miles deep . Turbines that can be reversed and work as pumps are located on all the miles down, with a cave just behind buffer (see illustration at top of ticket).

The calculations show that to obtain a power of 1 GW for 10 hours, dig three kilometers of tunnels 20 meters x 20 meters wide (1.2 million cubic meters) to store water at the bottom. The cost of such a plant would be pumped underground in the range of $ 700 million to 1000 million, and may regulate power plants 3 to 4 GW of power.

Counting duration of the plant pumped 50 years, we come to the end at a cost below 0.2 cents / kWh of energy produced and regulated, which is only a few percent of the cost of production.

pumped hydroelectric plants can be used in multiple ways. One can, of course, increase the percentage of renewable energy by regulating their inherent fluctuations. To reduce the need for regulation, it is advantageous to implement efficient high voltage power lines to link wind farms thousands of miles, as there is always wind somewhere. The DC power lines are particularly interesting in this regard since they generate only 3% loss per 1000 km. Solar power plants, in turn, follow quite well the daily demand for electricity (more sun at noon). By placing them in desert areas will ensure a minimum of cloud cover, which require less energy storage for fluctuations. The largest part of the storage would be used to refer to the night part of the energy produced in the day.

also pumped hydroelectric plants are also useful for increasing the efficiency of thermal power . We known, for example, that natural gas-fired combined cycle can achieve an efficiency of 60%. Unfortunately we can not vary significantly from such power plants to monitor daily demand. We must use it for gas plants whose efficiency is below 40%. This shows the interest of a hydroelectric pumped would be coupled to one or more natural gas plants. We could then use the gas plants more efficient and operate at constant speed always optimal. Daily fluctuations would be borne by the Central pumped. By doing Thus, we get 50% more electricity with the same natural gas!

With the additional electricity could be shut down and recovered from coal much cleaner, waiting to close also, eventually, gas plants and replace them with renewable energy.

pumped hydroelectric plants are an essential part of any smart energy policy! And with the concept proposed by Pierre Couture underground, they will become increasingly attractive.

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How much water to produce biofuels?

Graphic - fresh water, a resource to preserve. (Photo: Wikimedia Commons )

One of the main arguments put forward against biofuels is the high consumption of fresh water to produce, at least with current technologies. But by doing the right way, the plug-in hybrid cars of tomorrow will consume less than one liter of water per day.

Take a midsize car that normally consumes 8 liters of gasoline per 100 kilometers. If it is operated with 85% ethanol (E85), the largest commercial concentration, you will then need 11.2 gallons of E85 (including 9.6 liters of ethanol) to travel 100 km. The required amount is greater due to the fact that ethanol contains only 2 / 3 of the chemical energy of gasoline, for a given volume.

Now if E85 fuel to produce this one takes the corn in Nebraska, we know that corn requires 780 liters of irrigation water per liter of ethanol produced (see my book Driving without oil for more details). In addition about 4 to 5 liters of water per liter of ethanol to the needs of the manufacturing plant. In total, 785 liters of water are required for each liter of ethanol produced.

Thus, our traditional mid-size car powered by E85 ethanol in Nebraska consumes 7,500 liters of water per 100 km. This represents about 4100 liters of water a day for someone who would travel 20000 km per year. We now understand very well why many environmentalists are not warm to the idea!

But before throwing out the baby with the bathwater, let's see how we can come to consume less than one liter of water per day!

For this, we must of course use energy crops that do not need watering, as the tall grass prairie wildlife, including switchgrass (switchgrass). We saw in another post these weeds have roots 3 meters deep very effective in capturing soil moisture.

Furthermore, we also saw in another post , that plug-in hybrid cars advances will consume 4 times less fuel than conventional cars when they operate in fuel mode. But as these cars of tomorrow will travel 80% of their kilometers on electricity, they will actually consume 20 times less fuel.

Now we mentioned above a car through traditional operating with 85% ethanol requires about 10 liters of ethanol per 100 km. Advanced plug-in hybrid cars of tomorrow will therefore require only 0.5 litres/100 km on average (20 times), corresponding to 0.28 liters of ethanol per day for an annual mileage of 20000 km .

Finally, new ethanol plants will reduce their water consumption to about 3 liters of water per liter of ethanol produced through new technologies such as, inter alia, that developed by the Quebec company Vaperma . This innovative company has developed molecular filters that can separate water from ethanol without the need for distillation. They can save up to 45% of the energy normally used in an ethanol plant, while consuming less water. The decrease in CO2 emissions is also significant.

Illustration - Filter molecular Company Vaperma to separate water from ethanol without distillation. The filters are made of polymeric membranes in the form of hollow fibers that combines to form the filter cartridges.

Moreover, for sectors thermochemical (pyrolysis, gasification) the manufacturing of biofuels consume, in turn, less than 2 liters of water per liter of biodiesel produced.

There is also a new channel hybrid thermo-biological put forward by the company Coskata, which uses microorganisms to convert the synthesis gas (mixture of CO, H2 and CO2), from a thermal process (gasification) in ethanol. According Coskata, the process consumes less than one liter of water per liter of ethanol produced! That's less than petrol . To achieve such performance, Coskata does not use distillation, but a process of molecular filtration for separating water from ethanol, probably similar to the filters Vaperma. In addition, the Coskata process has no drying residues, like those found in traditional ethanol plants, to make the meal sold as a dietary supplement protein in the livestock industry. The distillation of beer (mash) and dry tailings are two processes that consume more water by evaporation.

Illustration - thermobiologique method of manufacturing ethanol company Coskata (Source: Coskata).

Ultimately, our advanced plug-in hybrid car traveling 20,000 km / year (16000 km electricity) will consume less than one liter of water per day, using biofuel made from grass Indians do not require watering, and manufactured with the right technology!

To put this water consumption in our car tomorrow it is interesting to know the water consumption per kilogram for various foods. The following table summarizes the results found in the book by David Pimentel and MH Pimentel, Food Energy and Society , CRC Press, 2008. It shows that we need 43,000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of beef, more than 6000 liters of water per 150 grams steak ! This is not a liter of water per day of our car that will endanger our freshwater resources. Too large portion of meat in our diet, particularly red meat, is much more worrying in this respect ...

Illustration - Number of gallons of water required to produce a kilogram of different foods, depending on the work of David Pimentel, professor of ecology and agriculture at Cornell University.

How To Clean Stains Of Gi

Florian El Coche

small balance of my trip àCoche from February 7 to 21 with my girlfriend who taught ...

1 Flight:
we had a plan with a French living in Isla Margarita and rampant on this forum (see post margarita, tick) these prices are unbeatable ....
it is not necessary to book its flight between Caracas and Porlamar (if you go through caracas) because flights are "random", ours has been superseded by a flight three hours later ...

2 hotels:
at first, we stayed at the El Yaque Yaque Paradise with breakfast included. correct hotel a bit old but clean and cheap. staff does its job but no more ... suddenly, we took the boat every day to go and check this bad surprise, it's 50 bolivars (slightly less than 10 €) per person round trip! the budget is likely to take a slap ....
but the mono kite my girlfriend talks about brisas del mar check that is all inclusive. So we change hotel and there is happiness! the rooms are really small apartments very cool, clean and spacious. the food is very good even if you turn round quickly at the range ... and most importantly, the staff is on top! always ready to serve you! you can even use the wifi internet and last trump, the price: it is normally from 52 € per day per person is responsible but the prices for kiters who can pay in euros or dollars and there .... , AC is really worth to us (cheaper than El Yaque) ... In addition, the hotel has its own boat to shuttle between Yaqui and tick free ....

3 the money:
the black market is very present for the changes, the first person to be addressed to make changes is a cop! crazy! they are all there! it is useful to change a small amount to the airport to pay taxes but the highest rates are found in the street .... attention so when you pull out your ticket .... take dollars but euros are also highly regarded .... when we were there the average officiux was 1 € = 7 bolivars $ 1 = 5.5 bolivars but it varies depending on the amount and size of cuts ....
in all cases it is better to pay in bolivars, no scam on the exchange rate even if sometimes you do traders a better price if you pay in € or $. as an indication of the taxi to El Yaque in porlamar should not cost you more than 25 bolivars otherwise the driver will scam ...

4 ° kite:
apparently this year is not a winter top and well, I sailed almost every day (one day when it was light and I'm the lazy ...)! ! we had a little bit of rain (unusual for the season). if the spot is perfect for freestyle, flat clear because off (perfect for learning) and safe as the boats are here to help if needed (30 bolivars) ... school chris is on the spot, perfect for waiting for the wind gets up in the shade. you can rent lockers to store your gear. my girlfriend took lessons with Nicolas, a single french super nice and available and has made good progress!

voila, although apparently it was not the best conditions we had a good stuffed and looking forward to returning for cons, the next we will not overlook Los Roques ....!

if you have any questions just ask!!

PS: for fans of fone, the store solokite (at El Yaque in hotel california) sells the bandit back has good prices, eg the 9M is complete to 990 € (negotiable I think ...)

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Is there enough lithium batteries for $ 1 billion plug-in hybrid vehicles?

Graphic - Harvesting of salt in the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia, the largest lithium reserves in the world (source: Wikimedia Commons )

Arrival Market Li-ion high-performance was undoubtedly the trigger for the impending revolution in road transport. But are there enough lithium to power a billion cars on the planet, ultimately?

To answer this, we need to know, first, that by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the reserves of lithium on the planet is estimated at 11 million metric tons . But these estimates do not include reserves of Argentina that the company Orocobre made known recently (3 million tons). A very informative report on global lithium and markets is available on the website of this company . This report by Martin Place Securities can be downloaded by clicking on the "News" of March 31, 2008 Olaroz project. Side the United States, the company Western Lithium is currently conducting geological expertise of a large clay deposit of lithium in Nevada, in King Valley. The estimated reserve is 2.08 million tonnes of lithium (11 million tons of lithium carbonate, Li2CO3) and is not recognized either in evaluating the USGS. By updating the assessment USGS is arrived at based global reserves of 16 million tons of lithium .

In addition, the USGS reported world annual production of 25,000 tons of lithium for 2007. At this rate of exploitation, we have for hundreds of years. This abundance and low price of lithium, until recently, obviously did not stimulate the exploration of new deposits. We can therefore expect that global reserves are higher than 16 million tons.

Now, in the report Martin Place Securities mentioned above, we learn that the e recovery of lithium from the reserves is around 50% on average. Thus, with 16 million tons of reserves it would be 8 million tonnes of lithium available for industry.

reserves of lithium are found in 75% salt form, mainly lithium carbonate is recovered even in the deserts of salt. The key is found in South America (pictured top) and also in Tibet. Lithium carbonate is the raw material used by the battery industry (5.3 kg of carbonate yield 1 kg of lithium). At

Now for a plug-in hybrid car through a battery giving a range of 100 km in electric mode currently requires storing 20 kWh of electrical energy. In addition, the company LG Chem , which provides the Li-ion batteries for the Chevy Volt GM, through its subsidiary Compact Power , says on its website (in the section Technology FAQ page ) they need 140 g per kWh lithium battery, which gives 2.8 kg of lithium to 20 kWh, which we round down to 3 kg. Remember that this with 3 kg of lithium, a midsize car now runs 100 km in electric mode .

In addition, advanced hybrid cars of the 2020s will be lighter, more aerodynamic and will be equipped with groups of traction wheel motors consume less energy. These intermediate cars of tomorrow will consume about 12 kWh/100 km instead of 20 km kWh/100 mentioned above (see my book Roll without oil). So rather 2 kg of lithium per car it would take until 2025. Thus, for a billion vehicles (there are currently 800 million on the planet) , we would need about 2 million tonnes of lithium, a quarter of global reserves base , available after extraction .

So there enough lithium on the planet for plug-in hybrid cars. But if we wanted to go all-electric cars with batteries 400 km of autonomy, there would be problems. It is always preferable to use the smallest battery possible to travel 80% of our km.

Now, we must realize that the Li-ion batteries are recycled more than 95%. Finite reserves of lithium may therefore be compared with finite reserves oil, which is totally lost in an internal combustion engine .

Some critics of the electrical mobility are also dangled about 60% of world reserves are located in South America and we find ourselves in a similar situation in the Middle East for oil. But, as lithium is of value, we have not finished discovering deposits everywhere. The only deposit King Valley in Nevada, contains sufficient lithium for 500 million cars advanced intermediate with a range of 100 km in electric mode .

Illustration - A draft mining company Lithium Canada Corporation, near Val d'Or, Quebec, could produce enough lithium to equip all Canadian vehicles with a battery providing a range of 100km in electric mode. (Source: Lithium Corporation Cadada )

company Lithium Canada Corp. . account also use an old mine near Val d'Or, Quebec . We think we can get out the equivalent of 55 million kg of lithium, enough for 25 million cars advanced intermediate with a range of 100 km in electric mode, what meet all the needs of Canadians .